Distillation - A process of separating components having different boiling points.
It is a very important process and widely used in chemical industry.
There are two different operating modes of distillation:
1) Continuous mode : The distillation plants are operated 24 hours per day, 7 days per week and sometimes there is a period where the operation has to be stopped for the maintenance purposes such as cleaning the internal column's structure.
This mode is normally preferred if we want to have a high-capacity.
2) Batch mode : In contrast to the previous mode, the mixture is fed again to the column only when the separation of the previous mixture in the distillation still already finished.
It is an important mode for the seasonal production of low capacity.
There are lots of factors that one should consider and should be aware of, so that the separation process takes place efficiently. The existence of different column types is attributed to these factors such as pressure drop and column's cost.
Types of column :
1) Spray column : The liquid is sprayed inside the column with the help of liquid distributor and the gas enters the bottom of the column and rises upwards.
This particular type of column is normally used at a very low operating pressure.
2) Bubble column : Opposite to the previous column, this column is filled with the liquid mixture and the inlet gas stream is again introduced at the bottom of the column. This leads to bubbling.
If the distillation is to be performed at a high pressure, then this column works well.
3) Tray column : The internal of the previous two columns is empty. They are not filled with anything. That is the major difference between them and tray column. This type of column is filled with trays in a certain spacing range.
4) Packed column : The column is filled with certain packings. The mass transfer between liquid and gas normally takes place at these packings' surface. Packed column is normally cheaper than tray column. The major downside of this column is the pressure drop is sometimes high.
Types of trays and packings :
Again there are different types of trays and packings that have been manufactured up to now.
For example:
Trays
1) Sieve tray - cheap, high pressure drop, poor efficiency
2) Valve tray - cheaper than bubble cap tray, decent pressure drop, good efficiency
3) Bubble cap tray - expensive, low pressure drop, good efficiency
Packings
1) Rings made of metal, ceramics and plastics - for random packed column
2) Ceramics saddle - for random packed column
3) High capacity packing - for structured packed column
Sulzer and Montz are among the most know engineering firms that produce packings and trays for distillation column.
It is a very important process and widely used in chemical industry.
There are two different operating modes of distillation:
1) Continuous mode : The distillation plants are operated 24 hours per day, 7 days per week and sometimes there is a period where the operation has to be stopped for the maintenance purposes such as cleaning the internal column's structure.
This mode is normally preferred if we want to have a high-capacity.
2) Batch mode : In contrast to the previous mode, the mixture is fed again to the column only when the separation of the previous mixture in the distillation still already finished.
It is an important mode for the seasonal production of low capacity.
There are lots of factors that one should consider and should be aware of, so that the separation process takes place efficiently. The existence of different column types is attributed to these factors such as pressure drop and column's cost.
Types of column :
1) Spray column : The liquid is sprayed inside the column with the help of liquid distributor and the gas enters the bottom of the column and rises upwards.
This particular type of column is normally used at a very low operating pressure.
2) Bubble column : Opposite to the previous column, this column is filled with the liquid mixture and the inlet gas stream is again introduced at the bottom of the column. This leads to bubbling.
If the distillation is to be performed at a high pressure, then this column works well.
3) Tray column : The internal of the previous two columns is empty. They are not filled with anything. That is the major difference between them and tray column. This type of column is filled with trays in a certain spacing range.
4) Packed column : The column is filled with certain packings. The mass transfer between liquid and gas normally takes place at these packings' surface. Packed column is normally cheaper than tray column. The major downside of this column is the pressure drop is sometimes high.
Types of trays and packings :
Again there are different types of trays and packings that have been manufactured up to now.
For example:
Trays
1) Sieve tray - cheap, high pressure drop, poor efficiency
2) Valve tray - cheaper than bubble cap tray, decent pressure drop, good efficiency
3) Bubble cap tray - expensive, low pressure drop, good efficiency
Packings
1) Rings made of metal, ceramics and plastics - for random packed column
2) Ceramics saddle - for random packed column
3) High capacity packing - for structured packed column
Sulzer and Montz are among the most know engineering firms that produce packings and trays for distillation column.
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